二嗪磷在黄瓜中的残留检测及膳食风险评估

[目的]评价二嗪磷在黄瓜中的残留消解动态和膳食摄入风险。[方法]2015、2016年在湖北、浙江和河北进行规范残留试验,气相色谱法(FPD)分析样品。评价二嗪磷在黄瓜上的长期慢性膳食暴露风险和对消费者的保护水平。[结果]二嗪磷在黄瓜和土壤中的定量限分别为0.01、0.02 mg/kg,添加水平范围为0.01~3 mg/kg时,平均回收率为82%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3%~12%,二嗪磷在土壤中的半衰期为6.1~19.8 d。膳食风险评估结果显示,风险商为0.006~0.013,摄入风险保护水平值为7.48~16.99。[结论]二嗪磷在黄瓜中长期膳食摄入风险较低,可根据推荐施药剂量和施药方法在黄瓜上施用。     

Cu-Al-Be形状记忆合金的应力腐蚀性能

用恒载荷法和慢应变速率法及SEM研究了Cu-Al-Be形 状记忆合金在甘油、海水和氨介质中的应力腐蚀性能.结果表明，Cu-Al-Be合金具有良 好的抗海水应力腐蚀性能和较低的氨介质应力腐蚀倾向.单相马氏体有较 好的耐海水腐蚀能力，可减少腐蚀引起的裂纹源；外应力下马氏体的孪晶变形和变体间的界 面迁移，则有利于松弛应力集中，阻碍和延缓腐蚀裂纹源的扩展，从而提高Cu-Al-Be合金的 应力腐蚀能力.     

浅绛彩瓷艺

晚清民国初年，浅绛彩瓷盛行，瓷板画是浅绛彩瓷艺的精华，代表了浅绛彩瓷画艺术的最高水平，浅绛彩瓷画的题材以山水为多，花鸟，人物也有不少，山水题材之艺术风格深受宋元以来文人画的影响，具体体现在4个方面，仿摹文人画用色，赭，绿相间，淡抹轻染，色调幽浅；借鉴文人画构图传统，讲究平远，高远或深远，以平远法为多；表现手法往往以写意为主，大量使用皴法，注重诗书款印与画面结合；突出高洁，淡隐主题，意境超凡幽远，浅绛彩花鸟，人物瓷画较多地受当时海派绘画的影响，多“松鹤延年”，“国色天香”等迎合市民阶层的吉祥寓意作品。     

Tocopherols in sea buckthorn (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophaë rhamnoides</Emphasis> L.) berry oil

The free tocopherol content in whole berries of six sea buckthorn cultivars grown in northeastern Poland and Belorussia was determined with HPLC. The total free tocopherol content in oil from whole berries was 101.4–128.3 mg/100 g of oil. α-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol of sea buckthorn berries, and only traces of γ-tocopherol were detected in the oil. α- and δ-Tocopherols constituted 62.5–67.9% and 32.1–37.5% of total tocopherol, respectively. The total free tocopherol content in oil of sea buckthorn cv. Nadbaltycka increased during maturation from 40.4 to 109.8 mg/100 g of oil. Green berries contained a marked amount of γ-tocopherol, but its content rapidly declined to traces when the color of berries turned from green to olive-yellow.     

Method for characterization of triacylglycerols and fat-soluble vitamins in edible oils and fats by supercritical fluid chromatography

This study demonstrates the usefulness of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for the characterization of triacylglycerols of edible oils and fats. Triacylglycerols were separated according to the acyl carbon number and the degree of unsaturation on a 25% cyanopropyl/25% phenyl/50% methylpolysiloxane stationary phase. Valuable information concerning the triacylglycerol composition of berry oils was obtained, despite the overlapping of certain triacylglycerol peaks. Simultaneous analysis of fat-soluble vitamins and triacylglycerols is not practical by capillary SFC with flame-ionization detection because of the low concentration of naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamins in edible oils. Therefore, higher loading of the sample, which led to overloading of triacylglycerols, was required to get reasonable peaks for fat-soluble vitamins. The method was applied to the characterization of triacylglycerols and tocopherols in sea buckthorn pulp and seed oil, and cloudberry seed oil without any sample purification prior to SFC. In addition, the stationary phase proved useful for separating the more complex mixtures of triacylglycerols found in milk fat and in fish oil.     

外加电流阴极保护在海水冷却槽中的应用

论述了金属的电化学腐蚀和外加电流阴极保护原理。说明对以海水为介质的冷却、冷凝设备,采用外加电流阴极保护是防止设备腐蚀的有效方法。举例说明了应用效果。     

氟硅唑微乳剂的研制

对国内外文献未见报道的8％氟硅唑微乳剂制剂进行了研制，测定了其冷贮和热贮稳定性等理化性状及生物活性。对黄瓜自粉病室内毒力测定和田间药效试验结果表明，药效与40％乳油相当，对黄瓜安全。     

Role of semiochemicals in mate location by parasitic sea louse,Lepeophtheirus salmonis

The role of olfaction and diffusible pheromones in mate location behavior of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, was assessed with Y-tube behavioral bioassays. The pheromone emitting animals were located in a chamber in one arm of a Y-tube arena, with artificial seawater flowing through both arms. Adult male sea lice displayed both activation and directional responses to seawater conditioned with preadult II virgin females, but were only activated by mated adult female conditioned water. Further, when males were given the choice of preadult II virgin females or mated adult females, a significant number of males chose the arm with the preadult II virgin females. Adult males showed activation responses when presented with water conditioned with adult males but were not attracted to them. When presented with adult males, preadult II virgin females showed only directional responses, but not activation responses. Preadult II virgin female conditioned water was extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocols pioneered for semiochemical isolation. Adult male sea lice showed significant directional responses to the preadult II virgin female SPE extract. Distillation under vacuum was performed on the extract to give a distillate comprising components with a molecular weight range and physical properties comparable to those of compounds utilized as volatile semiochemicals by terrestrial organisms and a residue comprising components with higher molecular weight range comparable to those utilized as involatile semiochemicals. Adult males were found to be both significantly activated and attracted to the distillate, but not to the residue. This research provides evidence that small, lipophilic organic molecules are used by sea lice as sex pheromone signals to locate a member of the opposite sex.     

盐石膏作硅酸盐水泥添加剂的研究

将海盐废渣提纯后的盐石膏煅烧后作为硅酸盐水泥添加剂，考察了不同煅烧温度下的盐石膏对水泥凝结时间及强度和体积安定性等性能的影响，并与天然石膏对比。结果表明，用盐石膏作添加剂的水泥的凝结时间、3d和28d抗压和抗折强度、体积安定性等性能指标均达到国标要求，海盐废渣作为硅酸盐水泥熟料添加剂可以替代天然石膏。海盐废渣用于水泥熟料既节约了资源又有利于环保，经济效益和社会效益显著。     

波浪对渤海近岸海冰冲击作用的数值模拟

海冰在波浪冲击作用下可能会发生断裂,通过数值模拟定量地描述波浪引起的海冰断裂对海工结构的运行安全以及分析海冰断裂处海水与大气之间的热交换有重要作用。该文利用建立的三维数值波浪水池,将海冰视为刚性平板,结合渤海冬季海冰、波浪的相关参数,研究海冰受波浪冲击的垂向冲击力、水平冲击力、弯矩和最大弯曲正应力随波高、冰长及冰厚的变化规律;并结合渤海海冰的弯曲强度,推断海冰发生断裂的极限参数,结果表明:在渤海海域某些特定条件下,海冰断裂极限波高、冰长和最小冰厚分别为0.504 m、4.273 m和0.098 m。